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Turning Points in Middle Eastern History

By: Eamonn Gearon,The Great Courses
Narrated by: Eamonn Gearon
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Summary

The Middle East is a critically important area of our world. And, with its current prominence in international affairs, media images of the Middle East reach us on a daily basis. Much media coverage, however, is incomplete at best, failing to take account of either the complexities or the historical background of this pivotal region. For most of us, the real story of the Middle East remains untold. What made this crucial geopolitical area what it is today? In coming to terms with the present and future of the Middle East, an understanding of its history is not only highly valuable but essential.

Now, the 36 lectures of Turning Points in Middle Eastern History unfurl a breathtaking panorama of history, exploring a 1,300-year window from the rise of the warrior prophet Muhammad to the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. Each lecture focuses on a specific moment that changed the direction of events or the narrative of history.

You'll witness the Battle of Karbala, where Muhammad's heirs - the Sunni and Shia - split once and for all. You'll discover the wonders of the Islamic Golden Age and marvel at the superlative advances in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and literature - and the preservation of classical Greek and Roman wisdom - that unfolded in global centers of learning such as Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba. You'll follow the empire building of the Persian Safavids, the Egyptian Mamluks, and the Ottomans, among others.

The breakup of the Ottoman Empire yielded most of the modern states of the Middle East. The far-reaching impacts of its rise and fall, plus the long-lasting influence of the 18th-century Saud-Wahhab Pact between a desert ruler and a religious reformer, creating today's Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, are two more expressions of how the past suffuses the present. The stories you'll discover here are as dazzling as anything in the Arabian Nights and are all the more astonishing for being true.

PLEASE NOTE: When you purchase this title, the accompanying reference material will be available in your Library section along with the audio.

©2016 The Great Courses (P)2016 The Teaching Company, LLC

What listeners say about Turning Points in Middle Eastern History

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A kind history

Would you say that listening to this book was time well-spent? Why or why not?

Yes, it gave a good overview of a long and complicated history.

However in places it was selective in detail which seemed to fit a agenda. A few examples.

Mohammed & the Battle of Badr/Trench/expulsions of Xtians/Expansion throughout Saud - the narration & depiction of these events is all very kind. It doesn't really go into the graphicness of what were essentially militaristic, brutal, ideologically driven conquests. Instead the narrator favourably looks upon the character as being 'sincere' in his 'convictions'. Rather than ever possibly raising the notion or even suggestion that the character MIGHT have been a bit flawed its brushed over.

University founded by Fatima al-Fihri in Fes - This is an interesting example. The author holds this up as a 'this might suprise you about how progressive early Islam was'-moment and on the surface at least this seems completely justified. However I looked into the university in question and it seems that from its inception up until now no women have been permitted to attend the university due to Islamic doctrine. Obviously this point did not fit the narrative.

The selective telling of these stories unfortunately coloured the rest of the audiobook for me. Rather than being able to trust the authors neutrality I was more skeptical throughout the remainder.

This kind of narrative continued throughout the story of the Ottomans. A general comment would be that military battles & the slaughter of rival tribes/states are told as 'tribe X expanded into Y' as though this is something organic and painless. History is quite brutal and I understand it doesnt fit a peaceful narrative but its dishonest to leave out the scale of barbarism.

Final comment would be that post the year 1400-ish the story departs Arabia until the oil-discoveries of 1900s. It's quite a big gap so I will look for further material on what happened during this time.

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Avoid - if you're looking for an unbiased history.

This is a terrible audiobook that the Great Courses should be ashamed of.

As a Great Courses fan I was hoping for an impartial overview of the history of this important region. Instead I got an apologia for Islam. This is not necessarily a bad thing in an age of growing Islamophobia but to pretend this is history is, frankly, dishonest.

My suspicions were first raised at the start of the very first lecture. What did the esteemed professor choose as his first Turning Point? The founding of Ur, perhaps the first city in human history? The reign of Ramses the Great? The law codes of Hammurabi? The invention of the alphabet by the Phoenicians? The Battle of Actium? The crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth? The Jewish revolt and diaspora of AD 70?

No. These are all far too minor to warrant even a passing mention. Instead we start with the birth of Mohammed (or as the narrator consistently calls him, The Prophet - something of a giveaway there). From that point on we get a biased, one sided presentation of the history of Islam. Negative events (such as the genocide of the Banu Qurayza to mention just one) aren't mentioned while great efforts are made to present the Islamic empires as tolerant, rational, peace loving and the forerunners of modernity.

Three examples (from many) off the top of my head...

- One Caliph is credited with the "invention of the fountain pen" - because he asked his vizier to come up with a quill that never needed dipping in ink. No evidence that the vizier ever actually produced anything. Instead merely wishing for it constitutes invention in our esteemed professors mind.

- Our esteemed professor explicitly contrasts the violence after the crusaders' conquest of Jerusalem with the peaceful conquest of the same city by Saladin. This is historically accurate but our guide neglects to mention the convention of the middles ages on the treatment of a besieged city. If it is taken by storm (as in the crusaders case) it is pillaged, if it surrenders (as in Saladin's case) it is treated leniently. Both instances are simply conventional by the standards of the time.

- Our esteemed professor consistently uses the anachronistic term science to describe Islamic theories of the world. These theories were (in the vast majority of cases) based on the study of authorities (particularly Aristotle) not experimental evidence. Islamic natural philosophy was no more science than that of the Scholastics.

I could go on but I think you get the message. If you know nothing of the history of the middle east you might enjoy this as it's clear and narrated in an engaging way. If you already know a little, this audiobook will only infuriate you with it's biased one-sided presentation.

Avoid like the plague.

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Unputdownable

An incredibly honest and thorough account of 1400 years of history. As a person who thinks he knows a lot about the history of the middle east i thought it might not be so interesting but I soon realised how limited my knowledge was. I really recommend people to look into this series.

And although the style of the lecturer is sometimes a bit stilted, I came to appreciate his clear and focused narrative. Overall, this was a well spent 18 odd hours.

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Astonishing book

Being a Muslim Arab I was astonished by the depth of information that book offered touching on the most important times of the Middle East history including Islamic era. Certainly the book was very enjoyable and informative. Would highly recommend

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Informative but not well pronounced

The content of the lectures was good and revealing about middle eastern history, but the speaker mispronounced some Arabic words and ended some of the lectures a bit abruptly for my liking.

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Interesting and insightful overview of history

Very long but mostly interesting. Reveals how partial history is in terms of class, gender and race to me though these things are in sufficiently covered. It also shows how little we know of the past and how packaged our historical knowledge is with stereotypes - so some gaps filled. This audible book goes a little way to challenge conventional history but ultimately not far enough for me. Hence holding back from 5 stars.

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Author bias opinions

There were historical narrations quoted , to tell the history , where the author appeared bias rather than neutral and this makes me lose interest in his narration of history

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Great

Absolutely great in all aspects.Its a must for anyone who wishes to understand the Middle East

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A book not to be missed.

Very well written and narrated
Gives an amazing summary of the most important history
Content is exemplary and scientific

Speed is perfect
Must have book for all ages and all kind of mankind

Well done

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Interesting

I really enjoyed this course. It was interesting to hear the evolution over a long period of time and the different twists and turns based on World events. Definitely recommend.

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  • L. Ritchie
  • 24-03-16

Closest thing the GC has to a study of Ottomans

Is this worth it? Yes, if you can deal with the arbitrary choices made! ( I certainly can!)

These lectures tread common ground with other great courses up to the rise of the Mamelukes. Then, as a combined Ottoman-Sarafid- Mameluke history, it truly comes to life. Arbitrary, of course, as is the nature of these event compilations (Oman and Libya tend to be wheeled out in passing to make room for more Egypt and Moorish Spain), a clearer idea of what these lectures are about really shines through once we reach the Crusades. The Orient-Occident confrontation as a clash of cultures and how much of this is really baloney! A good overall regional grounding to be listened to on Audible in tandem with (in my humble opinion) Rogan's "fall of the Ottomans" and Anderson's "Lawrence of Arabia". Until a specific series of Great Courses cover the Ottoman Empire (or Mameluke Egypt for that matter), this is the next best thing! I do feel the addition of an Oman-Zanzibar chapter may have added to this but the chap cannot put everything down...



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  • Tommy D'Angelo
  • 19-08-19

Exceptional

I have a high standard for courses from TGC because they have such a solid track record of producing quality products. But every now and then they outdo even their excellent reputation. This course was one of those times and was exceptional in just about every way. It is easily in the 1% of courses that reach the highest of standards.

The professor’s narration is top notch primarily for two reasons:
o He excels at setting the context of a particular turning point: for example, he’ll explain the powers of the day during a specific turning point---which ones were rising and which ones were declining as well as the background of the central figures; This helps place a dynasty or event in historical context

o He is concerned with thoroughness and completion (two traits not always present in other professors): His great all-encompassing narration is accompanied by fact statements that fill in the complete picture: for example, he’ll reference how many total sultans reigned in a specific dynasty (or how many caliphates existed in Islam’s history), and what number in the sequence a specific subject of a lecture is (ex. Sulleiman was the 10th ruler of the Ottoman line) or he will be sure to explain which dynasty followed another one; This sounds like simple stuff but it is lacking in other courses and this type of all-encompassing view of history really made it easier to understand the whole picture and not get lost in the details

This course covers the Middle East from aprx. 622 AD to 1924 including:
o The origins of Islam under Muhammad
o The Rashidun Caliphate (centered in Medina and then Iraq)
o The Umayyad Caliphate (centered in Damascus, Syria)
o The Abbasid Caliphate (based on Baghdad, Iraq)
o The Fatimids Caliphate (based in Cairo, Egypt)
o The Umayyads caliphate in exile (based in Cordoba, Spain)
o The Seljuk Turks (based in Iran)
o Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin (based in Egypt)
o Mamluks (based in Cairo, Egypt)
o Mongols (based in modern day Mongolia)
o The Ottoman Empire (based in Constantinople, Turkey)
o The Safavid dynasty (forerunners of modern Iran)
o Saud-Wahhab people (forerunners of modern Saudi Arabia)
o Muhammad Ali’s empire (based out of Egypt)

I enjoyed all of the lectures but the best of the best were the following:
o 5 (history of the early Caliphates of Islam and the Shia/Sunni split)
o 15 (history of various kingdoms of medieval Sicily: Byzantine, Fatimid Caliphate, and Normans)
o 31 (19th century French invasion of Algeria)
o 35 (Middle East during World War I)

I know a course deserves five stars when I sense two things: I don't want the course to end/wish the professor would continue on even beyond the time period covered and it is difficult to find any flaws. In this case I would be ecstatic for the professor to produce a course on modern Middle Eastern history (1924 on). It would be an excellent way to close a current gap in TGC's catalog (Sorry, the U.S. and Middle East course was not one of the better ones).

Flaws are hard to come by but you could make an argument that this course is a little mistitled. Instead of seeing it as a collection of turning points you could see it as more of a history of the Middle East. A number of lectures were more about a specific person or rise of a specific dynasty vs. an actual event (or the signature event of their reign). However, this can also be seen as a strength since Professor Gearon didn’t just focus on a specific event but provided much more satisfying broad historical narration, content, and context of the region.

I can't recommend this course enough. There is history in it that just isn't present in other courses offered by The Great Courses. I learned a lot and would be surprised if anyone did not. My understanding of the Middle East's past is a million times stronger. I am anxiously waiting for Professor's Gearon's next course!

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  • Daniel M.
  • 15-09-17

As an Israeli, I knew so little about my region.

Would you listen to Turning Points in Middle Eastern History again? Why?

Sure! I'm an Israeli (of Jewish origin), and quit informed and learned (I'm have a PhD), and love learning history. Moreover, I'm a humanist, and do not hate or shun people that are different from me. However, I knew almost nothing of what was taught in the course. In Israel, in the education system, you hardly learn anything about the middle-east in the 1800 years between the end of the Jewish state and Jewish population in the 1-2 centuries AD, and 19 century. Also, in the western TV channels as Discovery, the History Channel, National Geographic etc- there are hardly any programs on the subject. This course is a must for all Israelis and western civilization. To acknowledge that most Arab and Muslim key figures (at least the ones in this course) were much more humanistic and trustworthy than most Christian and Jew key figures in History before the 19th century. People need to appreciate the huge contribution of Arabs and Muslims to the western civilization. Maybe this could reduce the Muslim and Arab phobia today.

What did you like best about this story?

To find out that the first university was founded in Morocco, by a woman!

Was this a book you wanted to listen to all in one sitting?

Yes!

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  • DesiBOOKworm
  • 04-09-16

Biased, but still informative

Where does Turning Points in Middle Eastern History rank among all the audiobooks you’ve listened to so far?

Prof.Gearon is knowledgeable, and as an introductory series I highly recommend this talk. He will give you a better appreciation of some of the glories of middle-eastern civilization, primarily Islamic; but he avoids or sugar coats the extremely sanguinary aspects of islamic history. This is a common problem with liberal academics. Just 2 examples. In his description of Andalus or of the Muqqadima he completely avoids the issue of religious intolerance and oppression of minorities and the Islamic chauvinism that were a fact of life of both. But Ibn Khaldun is a world-class mind, so it is still important to be introduced to him.

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  • Lee J. Pelletier
  • 15-03-17

Excellent Information. Not perfect.

What did you love best about Turning Points in Middle Eastern History?


Any additional comments?

There is a LOT of information packed into this course. Given that this is an 18 hour course broken down into 36 lectures, we expect a lot of information. But we also don't expect that there is enough time to cover each topic in intimate detail. The course is an overview, and it is an excellent overview.

First, the title does not tell you everything you need to know. Specifically, this course covers turning points in Middle Eastern history from Mohammed and the start of Islam until about 1924. There are a few mentions in the last two lectures that go past 1924, but that's about it. Certainly, there are many, many more turning points in Middle Eastern history that are not covered, including ancient Egypt, Alexander the Great (and Hellenistic Egypt), the Roman Empire, etc. And there are other major turning points that come later, such as the forced creation of Israel by the U.N. Again, the title does not indicate that these very major turning points are not covered because they fall outside of the range of dates this course covers.

Second, you'd do well to have a map to keep track of where each lecture is taking place. While you may have a good idea where many things are, a map really helps to keep tabs on distances. Before the modern age, distance was a major factor in how large an empire could grow, and how difficult a military campaign might be to conduct.

Third, not being a speaker of Arabic, it can be very difficult to keep track of the many names that are coming at you just because the names are unfamiliar. I'll need to give this course a second listen just to pick up some more of the many names that didn't stick on the first listen.

Fourth, the lecturer is quite engaging. There were just a few lectures that seemed to drag, but most were quite engaging. And they got better the further into the course we got.

I recommend this course. I learned a lot from this course that helped put today's Middle East in perspective.

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  • Mark Phifer-Houseman
  • 09-07-16

Awesome history, a bit too rose colored re: Islam over Christianity

I have studied the Middle East in the Roman and Byzantine periods but not Islamic history proper before this course. Gearon's course admirably covers 1300 years of Islamic history. His story telling and connecting history to how life is now is amazing. He comes across a bit too much as a partisan for Muslim culture over and against Christian and Jewish culture. He "scores points" in multiple lectures with how the Christians were, in his view, more barbaric than Muslim rulers. It seems a bit forced and at times conceals the brutality that was part of the medieval Muslim world as it was of all societies. Better to tell it straight and not show us the pretty artwork and sweep the bodies behind the lovely curtains

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  • Mr. Rich Clarke
  • 24-04-16

Very thorough and informative.

I like how the lectures are disconnected approaching the history from different, yet simultaneous points of view. Instead of one long narrative it constantly reviews events but from the perspective of a different group or time. Helps to solidify the information through repitition without feeling repetitious.

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  • David
  • 09-04-16

Interesting but lacks depth

It is interesting series of stories from history but the lectures lack depth or critical analysis of the events or the people behind them. I would recommend for anybody who is looking to get started on middle east history.

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  • jeanne c.
  • 22-03-16

a lot of explaining about the middle East

well done...might listen again for the things i ay have missed. worth the listen. I knew nothing before... but have a better understanding now.

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  • James Rodger
  • 22-03-16

Worth every second and every cent

I absolutely loved this audiobook/class.

Dr. Gearon is masterful in his presentation of middle eastern history. I will listen to this again sometime!

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