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Study Notes: "Reminders of the Ten Commandments" (Pt 1) (Deuteronomy 4:44–5:18)

Introduction: The Importance of Repetition in Scripture

• Repetition as a Learning Tool: The Ten Commandments: First given in Exodus 20, the Ten Commandments are repeated in Deuteronomy 5 as part of a covenant renewal.

The Covenant and the Ten Commandments (Deuteronomy 5:1–3)

• Moses' Exhortation: In Deuteronomy 5:1, Moses calls the Israelites to listen and obey the statutes and judgments.
• Covenant Continuity: The covenant made at Mount Sinai (Horeb) applies not only to those who were there but also to all future generations, including the current one (Deuteronomy 5:3).

The Ten Commandments Reviewed

1. Introduction to the Commandments (Deuteronomy 5:4–6):

1.First Commandment: “You shall have no other gods before Me” (Deuteronomy 5:7).

• Exclusive Worship: Israel is commanded to worship only the Lord, the one true God, a commandment that applies universally.

1. Second Commandment: “You shall not make for yourself a carved image…” (Deuteronomy 5:8–10).
   • Misrepresentation of God: This commandment is not just about avoiding idolatry but specifically prohibits creating an image to represent God, as seen in the incident with the golden calf in Exodus 32.
   • Broader Application: The commandment also applies to any form of misrepresentation of God, including through teachings.
2. Third Commandment: “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain…” (Deuteronomy 5:11).
   • Reverence for God's Name: Misusing God's name includes swearing falsely or using it disrespectfully. The Jews took this so seriously that they avoided saying God's name (Yahweh) altogether.
3. Fourth Commandment: “Observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy…” (Deuteronomy 5:12–15).
   • Rest and Redemption: The Sabbath is a day of rest, grounded in creation and Israel’s redemption from Egypt. Christians are not bound by the Mosaic Law, but the principle of rest and worship is reflected in observing Sunday as the Lord’s Day, commemorating Christ’s resurrection.
4. Fifth Commandment: “Honor your father and your mother…” (Deuteronomy 5:16).
   • Respect and Obedience: This commandment comes with a promise of long life and prosperity. In the New Testament, Paul extends this principle, linking it to a generally blessed life (Ephesians 6:1-3).
5. Sixth Commandment: “You shall not murder” (Deuteronomy 5:17).
   • Specificity of the Command: The Hebrew word used specifically means "murder," distinguishing it from other forms of killing. Various degrees of murder are recognized, from premeditated to accidental.

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