At the start of the 1840s, the Oregon Country had no political boundaries or effective government. The only administrative organization in the territory was the Hudson’s Bay Company, which applied only to British subjects, and aside from natives, the region was populated by a handful of independent traders, hunters, and prospectors, as well as those employed in the various company depots. 

The first to begin showing up in large numbers were missionaries. The native populations were by then diminished by disease and dispirited, which meant they were more receptive to missionary aid and the Christian message. Christianity, of course, was not entirely unknown among the indigenous populations, given that marriages between white men and Indian women created a hybrid of “folk” Christianity that was commonly observed among the Indians. The first wave of missionaries represented the American Methodists, arriving in or around 1834, followed a year or two later by a second series of arrivals, sponsored this time by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). The ABCFM was an ecumenical organization founded to promote the general outreach of the Presbyterian and Dutch Reform churches in the United States. Roman Catholics arrived around 1830, bringing missionaries mostly from Canada and Europe.

In May 1848, the former mountain man Joseph Meek arrived in St. Louis after an overland journey from Oregon in the dead of winter, announcing himself as the “Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from the Republic of Oregon to the Court of the United States”. In fact, Joseph Meek was a representative of the provisional government sent to plead for the establishment of US “Territory” status for Oregon. The essential message that he carried on behalf of the provisional government was that if the United States had attended to its duties earlier, the infamous Whitman Massacre and subsequent violence might never have happened. In time, far more resources would be pumped into the area, both in terms of material and soldiers, and the region would go on to form several new states.

No individual in mid-19th century America typified the dual career of the mountain man turned community leader better than Meek. Alone for more than a decade while working land from Yellowstone to the Columbia, Meek went on to hold virtually every civic position in his community’s new hierarchy, and he became an integral part of the impetus toward Oregon statehood in a wide variety of appointments. He served in the territory’s legislature for one term and as temporary governor in the absence of a duly appointed individual. In a diverse career crossing multiple eras of Western history, he watched the Pacific side of the continent be subsumed by the American government, and he was present and intimately involved as Oregon Country developed from stark wilderness into a crude facsimile of Eastern society. Many global interests coveted the Pacific Northwest, and Meek, who played as big a role as anyone else in the region, was elated to see the United States win out.

Joseph Meek: The Life and Legacy of the Oregon Territory’s Most Influential Politician during the 19th Century looks at the remarkably diverse career of the man who helped bring the Pacific Northwest into the American fold. You will learn about Meek like never before.